British Computer Society (BCS)

Chairman’s Report.
BCSCMsG’s International Symposium ‘The Universe, the Nothing that is!’ at CASYS ’03.
This report is selective in the interest of brevity. A full set of abstracts appears in the CASYS 03 abstract volume issued to all delegates, and full papers, hopefully 13 to15, will appear in the CASYS 03 proceedings to be published next year. The Symposium was a well attended with a high quality of presentation, frequently consistent with (a) the Symposium’s title and (b) the theme of the Group’s Mission statement that the fundamental significance of quantum mechanics is as a semantic information theory of holographic pattern recognition. This means that like energy, holographic information is a fundamental nature phenomenon of general application to nature’s understanding. In particular, in relation to the latter, Mitja Perus’& Horst Bischofs’ paper identified “The most natural procedure for quantum image recognition” with the basic general equation of Dirac’s bra/ket notation
ie.

such the rightmost

represents the holographic output, the left most

denotes the holographic input and

the action of the associative holographic memory. It is seen therefore

i) that in correspondence to their classical counterparts, see illustrationszip sidebar, quantum holographic procedures may be described with quantum wave functions, as is indeed the case in Schempp’s quantum holography based on the 3 dimensional Heisenberg nilpotent Lie group, as previously explained and referenced, and

ii) that 3 dimensional geometric space and generalized 3 dimensional spatial image processing are essentially ubiquitous to quantum mechanics, as is illustrated via by the application of Schempp’s quantum holography to the control of (nuclear) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems in medical use worldwide. See illustrationszip sidebar and http://wwwcivm.mc.duke.edu for example. Moreover no quantum logic gates are needed to engineer such MRI imaging dynamics.

The challenging concept of The Universe from Nothing, based on the mathematical concept of nilpotence or empty set, was the subject of six highly innovative papers. The first, from perspective of elementary particle physics, was the invited paper of Peter Rowlands. This shows that actual physical process of creating the state vector for the nilpotent generalized form of the well known Dirac equation, as expressed using the multivariate 4 vector representation for space-time, and the quaternion representation for mass, and electric, strong and weak charges, would :-

i) break its nilpotent symmetry (or emptiness) by associating the respective charges with vector, scalar and pseudo-scalar operators, and that

ii) the quantizations (including spin) of the families of elementary particles (realized in (i)) would be the familiar ones known and established by experimental particle physics.

This provides a counterexample to the widely held established view that Einstein’s General Relativity (expressed now in the form of a multivariate 4 vector group representation) is incompatible with quantum mechanics (expressed as a generalized Dirac representation). It would indicate that space and time are smooth at the smallest scale, and not fuzzy and foaming as current ideas of quantum gravity appear to require, see Science 301 29th August 2003, 1169-70, spacetime ‘Einstein 1, Quantum Gravity 0’. Indeed it shows that the family of elementary particles (defined by these quantizations) can be regarded as the sources/sinks of the 3+1 space-time quantum field in both its Lorentz and Einstein General Relativistic invariant forms: an hypothesis in excellent accord with the existing experimental evidence of elementary particle physics, and Mach’s concept that his Equivalence Principle holds throughout 3+1 space-time. Thus, from this nil(potent) process, as was hypothesized in a later paper, see below, both 3+1 spacetime and these elementary particles are first born from a White W(hole) in what constitutes a ‘virgin birth’.

An alternate means of validating Rowland’s result, arose from a paper of Gilles Nibart, from symposium 4. This would be to reconstruct, as Nibart did, the Dirac equation in general relativistic form such that it becomes essentially non-linear, and then attempt to linearize this non-linear form. For as Rowlands pointed out this is essentially what he has already done using multivariate methods, so the new process should realize the same results, while enabling a better understanding from the point of view of theorists familiar with Einstein’s general theory. And yet another approach suggests itself, since all known experimentally validated elementary particle quantizations should be spatio-temporal invariants arising from the Nibart approach. This requires the linearization of the Dirac equation in its general relativistic form, by the application of Lie transformational methods to obtain the 3 dimensional spatial invariant forms. In this case, therefore a connection can be predicted to the 3 dimensional form of the nilpotent Heisenberg Lie group (which results from putting the quantum mechanical commutation relation q.p – p.q in a Lie group-theoretical context) and the quantizations of the corresponding bosons rather than the fermions that arise directly from the Dirac equation (corresponding to the division of the system space R^f into Clifford and Lie products {R^f }, [R^f ] respectively).

A parallel approach to ‘The Universe from Nothing’ from an entirely mathematical perspective via a mathematical lattice of empty sets; sadly the recent death of Michel Bounias the paper’s principal author with Volodymyr Krasnohollovets, prevented its presentation. However the full paper is available and will be published in the CASYS AIP proceedings. It is enough to say however that it appears to render a corresponding mathematical picture, to that presented from the physical perspectives of both the invited paper just described and the theme paper of the symposium, “Zenergy: The ‘phaseonium’ of dark energy that fuels the nature structures of the Universe” by Peter Marcer, Edgar Mitchell, Peter Rowlands, and Walter Schempp. Here the Universe is treated as a thermodynamic quantum Carnot engine, Scully M. O. et al 2003, Extracting Work fro a Single Heat Bath via Vanishing Quantum Coherence, Science, 299, 7th February, 862-864. 10.1126/science.1078955, consisting of a single heat bath in which there is an ensemble of particles retaining some quantum coherence so as to constitute a “phaseonium”; a now recognized novel state of matter described solely by the phase of its quantum coherence. Invoking the Rowlands & Cullerne model then means that this ensemble is nilpotent ie initially empty but still has, it can be inferred from its four vector multivariate description, both spatial and temporal quantum coherence, so as to presage a quantum holographic universe described in terms of the 3 dimensional Heisenberg nilpotent Lie group. Its Zenergy or dark energy can thus be defined to be the physical resource, quantum coherence, which allows it to give rise to both the 3+1 spacetime field and matter/energy in the form of its sources/sinks, ie the well known elementary particles. That is to say, this universe is indeed a White Whole, where to retain nilpotence, this source or cause must be matched with a system of secondary sources ie the galaxies, which by contrast must be its sinks or anti-causes ie Black holes, at which both 3+1 spacetime and elementary particle matter would now both be expected to disappear simultaneously. Such quantum Carnot engine action ensures its evolution since both the Second and Third of Law of Thermodynamics still hold. That is to say that in addition to 3+1 relativistic space-time, there will also be a proper time, as a result of the irreversible thermodynamic evolution which concerns the (thermodynamic) reconfiguration of elementary particle matter in 3+1 relativistic space-time, by means of material phase transitions or critical phenomena. The latter allowing complexification via formation of stable 3 dimensional geometric structure associated with the emergence of novel material properties such as are manifested by the elements of the periodic table and for example that of the evolution of living systems. It can be hypothesized therefore that this complexification will occur in the neighbourhoods of these unstable and stable critical points which concern material phase transitions where macroscopic behaviour is determined by quantum effects at the microscopic level.

It also follows that because the Universe as a whole is always nilpotent, this irreversible evolutionary quantum Carnot process never requires renormalization, possesses a Hamiltonian form and so satisfies the First Law of Thermodynamics, and will have a state vector, which is a quantum hologram.

It is to hypothesize that the concept of nilpotence is fundamental both to the understanding of the whole of quantum physics and the whole of mathematics such that Everything can indeed be derived from the empty set, ie Nothing at all or zero; zero being therefore the unique concept/pivot from which all of physics and mathematics hangs. The key to this understanding initially being the introduction of phase and i =

-1 as fundamental respectively to both quantum physics and mathematics such that in physics the zero state is infinitely topologically degenerate, and in mathematics allows its closure as a topologically closed field.

Perhaps the most startling of these papers, however, was that concerning Peter Rowlands and Bernard Diaz (R&D) novel discovery of a universal nilpotent rewrite system. Rewrite systems are of course, synonymous with computing/information processing. They concern the languages in which programs must be rewritten as symbols for computing hardware to interpret, where in this case, R&D show that their rewrite system delivers the entire infinite alphabet of symbols in one step, when presented with zero as the initial subset alphabet. This rewrite system turns out to be of particular significance since subset alphabets emerge in a minimal way and not only have a mathematical interpretation as algebra, but concern the nilpotent Dirac algebra of Rowland’s invited paper. The paper then goes on to conjecture that a more universal rewrite system, would have a minimum of two rewrite rules or productions:-

i) a creation operation, delivering a new symbol at each invocation, where this new symbol may be a single character of the alphabet, a subset alphabet, or the entire alphabet, and

ii) a conserve operation, which examines all currently existing symbols to ensure the bringing into existence of a new symbol or subset alphabet, etc, produces no anomalies.

From its fundamental nature and previous research, see in particular, Gariaev P. Birstein B. Iarochenko A. Leonova K.A. Marcer P. Kaempf U. Tertishy G. 2002 Fractal Structure in DNA Code and Human Language: Towards a Semiotics of Biogenetic Information, International Journal of Computing Anticpatory Systems , Volume 12, 255-273, it can therefore be hypothesized that the genetic code is such a minimal chemical rewrite system for quantum holographic computation, such that the chemical base pairings of genetic code constitute its two rules or productions. That is to say that the base pairing A = U symbolizes the fact that some initial state can be rewritten such as in RNA action where A = T delivers the new symbol, which maybe a single character, a subset alphabet or an entire alphabet. That is, it represents the create operation, so that by contrast GC symbolizes the conserve operation, which examines/proof-reads all symbols currently in existence to ensure no anomalies exist as a consequence of the bringing into existence of the new symbol. This rule must therefore verify/maintain the conservation of 3 dimensional chemical structural stability (since this is what Dirac nilpotence is all about) in the process of the development of the human embryo via cell division. Thus at the commencement of development, A may be said to symbolize the human individual to be delivered (ie born) as a single stable 3 +1 dimensional chemical unit or structure, once the entire genetic alphabet of that individual, specified by the subset alphabet of the 46 human chromosomes/symbols has been fully realized, or an anomaly occurs such that the development is aborted.

This concept of the nilpotent rewrite system that delivers an entire infinite universal alphabet in a single step, is also consistent with methodology suggested in the joint paper by Uwe Kaempf, Helmut Muller and Peter Gariaev, “May the Kosyrev effect be conceived as a model for Interhemispheric Brain Communication?”. For here a possible explanation for this observed astronomical effect is that of Helmut Muller’s proposal of a universal standing wave in the logarithmic space of an expanding universe driven by an exponential growth function. For the Muller effect gives rise naturally to an expanding series of invariant 3+1 spatio-temporal spectral lines, which could correspond to a labelling by this universal alphabet, and would thus include the base pairings and amino-acids proteins of the genetic code, so as to explain why these natural structures have remained the stable building blocks of life over billions of years, and would be ubiquitous throughout the entire universe, as of course it is already known that elementary particles and the elements of the periodic table are. This proposal/discovery of Muller’s is also in agreement with the procedure suggested above for finding the spatio-temporal invariants of the General Relativistic Dirac Equation of Nibart, by application of Lie transformational methodology, since such Lie transformational systems possess natural diffeomorphisms (ie differentiable exponential mappings with a differentiable inverse or logarithmic mapping).

Papers by Otto van Nieuwenhuijze on “Total System Inversion (The Pivot of Creation) and “Blackhole Navigation (The Art of Dimensional (de) Compression) also provided further confirmation of the importance of nilpotence or zero as the mechanism by means of which system inversion can be carried out with important consequences for biological evolution. Such inversions, see illustrationszip sidebar, are as it happens actually seen in MRI image extraction which is a consequence of measurement as described by quantum holography in terms of point orbits. That is, there is the expected collapse (dimensional compression) of the wave function (which corresponds in MRI to a wave diffraction pattern see illustrationszip sidebar) as it passes through the point orbit, but this is followed by a re-expansion, so that the whole 3D image or 2D image slice is preserved to some degree of resolution; a process which, as the author pointed out, allows information to energy conversion/transduction and vice verse, see illustrationszip sidebar.

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It also seems particularly timely therefore that this year’s Nobel Prize for medicine (supplementing those of Felix Bloch and Edmund Mills Purcell for Physics of 1952 on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) phenomenon, the first experiment of which also earned Rabi the 1944 Nobel Prize), goes to physicists Paul Lauterbur and Sir Peter Mansfield who clearly demonstrated its use, practicality and importance in relation to for the production of non invasive medical imagery now known as MRI. Although it was the award of the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1991 to Ernst that served to highlight the fact that NMR spectroscopy is critically dependent on non-commutative Fourier and projective geometric analysis. This opened the window to MRI’s detailed mathematical understanding, much of the basic concepts of which derive from the research of Hahn. For it was he in 1950 who published the original spin echo paper. This sets out the means by which, in MRI, enhancement of wanted signals and suppression of unwanted signals can be obtained by constructive and destructive interference from the phase coherent wavelets produced by the magnetic nuclear spin resonance image extraction process. Another major contributor to early MRI technology was undoubtedly Damadian, who recently claimed controversially that he too should have been included in this year’s Nobel Prize award.

Quantum information control & processing thus has an illustrious early prehistory seldom recognized today, but which will, if the hypotheses of this group are borne out, dominate the science of tomorrow.

Peter Marcer. 17.09.03